Christianity2 Essay Example For Students

Christianity2 Essay ChristiansA normal sort of Email that we get states that group X isn't Christian where X may allude to the Jehovahs Witnesses, Mormons, Roman Catholics, the United Church, Unity Church, and so on. The Emailer is truly saying that their own confidence bunch are genuine Christians, and that any individual who holds convictions that are altogether extraordinary are, as they would see it, not Christian. Two generally various meanings of Christian are:By Fundamentalist Christians: Have been loaded up with the Holy Spirit and are along these lines some portion of the group of Christ. An important pre-imperative to salvation is to apologize of ones sins, and trust Jesus as Lord and Savior. The Email proceeded by saying that most Americans are not Christians, since they are not loaded up with Gods Spirit and anybody not loaded up with His Spirit is contrary to God Probably around 1 out of 3 grown-up Americans would meet his definition. ?By governments: A Christian is an individual who truly believes themselves to be a Christian. Some are Roman Catholics, others are Southern Baptists. Some are individuals from the Assemblies of God; others of the Jesus Seminar.and some are not subsidiary with any gathering or section. Overviews reliably show that around 7 of every 8 grown-up Americans meet this definition. Regardless of which definition we use, we will keep on accepting scorn Emails. We want to be on comprehensiveness. We dont like attracting lines the sand, by revealing to some dedicated society that they are not following the religion that they imagine that they are following. That movement can prompt major issues, even annihilation as in Bosnia. Given the custom of strict prejudice in certain regions of the world, it is just a little bounce to go from You are not a genuine Christian to You are sub-human to You reserve no option to live. We in this manner utilize the definitions received by the administration evaluation on this site. Christians follow the lessons of and about usually alluded to as Jesus Christ. (Jesus is the Greek type of Yeshua; Christ is Greek for the Messiah or the blessed one.) He was a Jewish vagrant evangelist who was conceived around 4 to 7 He who was executed by the Roman possessing experts in Palestine likely on 30-APR-9 Most Christians view him as the child of God. They further accept that he is God, the second individual in the Trinity. (The Trinity comprises of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit; three separate people, all everlasting, all ubiquitous, who structure a solitary, bound together god). Most Christians accept that Jesus existed together with God before the production of the world, was conceived of an and was three days after his passing. Numerous moderate Protestant Christians accept that individuals are brought into the world and stay evil; they will wind up being interminably rebuffed in except if they are Roman Catholics accept that salvation is acquired through atonement a nd church holy observances. Strict dissidents by and large decipher damnation emblematically, not as a genuine spot of discipline. About 33% of the universes populace view themselves as Christian. This rate has been steady for a considerable length of time. (The second most well known religion is Islam, which is required to turn into the predominant religion of the world during the 21st century.) 87% of North Americans recognize themselves as Christian. This has been dropping gradually lately, essentially because of the unexpected increment in non-theists, for example, Agnostics, Atheists, Humanists, and so forth. Different variables are the expansion in minority religions, to a great extent brought about by movement and the development of new religions like New Age, Wicca and other Neopagan religions. Christianity in North America is a seriously partitioned confidence comprising of more than 1,000 groups, which are frequently arranged into preservationist, mainline and liberal wings:?Many Fundamentalist and other Evangelical Christians view themselves as the main genuine Christians. They keep up independent str ict categories, radio broadcasts, distributing houses, nearby clerical affiliations, and so forth even exercise recordings. They will in general view Christianity not as a religion, however as a living relationship with their Savior. ?Mainline Christians will in general be significantly more comprehensive. They acknowledge as Christian any individual who follows the lessons of and about Jesus Christ. ?Liberal Christians concur with mainline Christians, and are considerably progressively comprehensive. A few scholars, especially the individuals who are individuals from the Jesus Seminar, have deserted or reconsidered most customary Christian convictions. .u331fb1ff56f7e3f6032b8c57b16efbaa , .u331fb1ff56f7e3f6032b8c57b16efbaa .postImageUrl , .u331fb1ff56f7e3f6032b8c57b16efbaa .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u331fb1ff56f7e3f6032b8c57b16efbaa , .u331fb1ff56f7e3f6032b8c57b16efbaa:hover , .u331fb1ff56f7e3f6032b8c57b16efbaa:visited , .u331fb1ff56f7e3f6032b8c57b16efbaa:active { border:0!important; } .u331fb1ff56f7e3f6032b8c57b16efbaa .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u331fb1ff56f7e3f6032b8c57b16efbaa { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u331fb1ff56f7e3f6032b8c57b16efbaa:active , .u331fb1ff56f7e3f6032b8c57b16efbaa:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u331fb1ff56f7e3f6032b8c57b16efbaa .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .u331fb1ff56f7e3f6032b8c57b16efbaa .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enrichment: underline; } .u331fb1ff56f7e3f6032b8c57b16efbaa .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u331fb1ff56f7e3f6032b8c57b16efbaa .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-adornment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u331fb1ff56f7e3f6032b8c57b16efbaa:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u331fb1ff56f7e3f6032b8c 57b16efbaa .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u331fb1ff56f7e3f6032b8c57b16efbaa-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u331fb1ff56f7e3f6032b8c57b16efbaa:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: World War II Neutrality EssayThe principle motivation behind this area of our Web webpage is to assist Christians with understanding the incredible decent variety of convictions and practices inside Christianity, and how they created through time. We attempt to look into the convictions of the most traditionalist and liberal Christians. We understand that many, if not most, Christians hold transitional perspectives. We likewise depict the convictions of the early Christian church developments, which are commonly very not the same as those of present day Christians. We get numerous basic Emails about these articles. Some are very irate and contemptuous. Some blame us for advancing our own liberal convictions. Some state that we are a covertness Islamic, Satanic, Scientology or Mormon gathering attempting to subvert Christianity. Others see us as coming up short on any profoundly held convictions. Still others state that we are downright off-base. None of these are valid. We are essentially revealing the wide assorted variety of conviction inside Christianity. However a significant number of our perusers are upset at seeing their convictions depicted close to those of different wings of Christianity. Reference index:

The Life History of Elvis Presley

Elvis Aaron Presley was naturally introduced to a destitution stricken family on January 8, 1935. He and his twin sibling (Jessie Garon who kicked the bucket during childbirth) were the children of Vernon Elvis Presley and Gladys Love Smith Presley. Gladys Smith conceived an offspring in two-room house worked by her significant other and her sibling †in - law. His lifestyle was harsh in Tupelo, Mississippi where he was conceived. He was conceived during the Great Depression. Elvis and his folks went to the Assembly of God Church; the music and lecturing enrolled profoundly in Elvis. In 1945, multi year old Elvis remains on a seat at a mouthpiece and sings † Old Sheep † in a challenge at the Mississippi †Alabama Fair and Dairy Show, which was held in Tupelo. Elvis wins second prize, which was $5. 00 and free admissions to all rides at the reasonable. In 1946, Elvis' folks couldn†t bear the cost of the bike that Elvis needed, so Gladys convinced him to acknowledge a guitar. The guitar cost $12. 95 and was bought at the Tupelo Hardware Company. He and his family moved to Memphis, Tennessee in 1948 to seek after a superior life. They lived in low †salary lodging. He purchases his garments on the well known, Beadle Street, and he ingests the gospel and blues that he hears there. Elvis moved on from Hughes High School in 1953. He recorded a collection for his mom as a present at Sun Records in 1954. In late 1955 his chronicle contract was offered to RCA Records. The melodies that he recorded was † My Happiness and â€Å"That's When Your Heartaches Begin†. Sam Phillips, at last calls him in to record â€Å"Big Boy† Crudup's † That's All Right† and tune was supported by â€Å"Blue Moon of Kentucky†. By 1956, he was a universal sensation. With a sound and style that interestingly consolidated his differing melodic impacts and tested the social and racial obstructions of the time, he started a totally different style of music. He was profoundly scrutinized for his music that had African American roots and his turning hip developments. Elvis was an all out unique! August 15, 1955, Elvis signs an administration contract with Hank Snow Attractions, which was similarly claimed by Snow and Colonel Tom Parker. Colonel Tom Parker will be Elvis' director from this opportunity to the hour of his passing. Day off, is not, at this point associated with Elvis. On November 20, 1955 Elvis marked his first agreement with RCA Records, which will be his name to the hour of his demise. Colonel Parker arranged the offer of Elvis' agreement to RCA, which incorporated Elvis' initial five singles with SUN and unreleased material of SUN. The last cost was an astounding $40,000 with $5,000 reward. No craftsman around then was paid that much. September 9, 1956 † Elvis Presley Day† was broadcasted in Tupelo, Mississippi. December 31, 1956, the first page of the Wall Street Journal announced that Elvis' product had netted $22 million in deals. This would be always part of the market of Elvis Presley, and non-†halting endless requested. Elvis purchases Graceland Mansion for himself, his folks, and his extraordinary †grandma to live in on March 1957. It would be prepared for them to move into by April of 1957. After two fruitful movies, Elvis started chip away at â€Å"Jailhouse Rock† for MGM in May 1957. October 17, 1957; † Jailhouse Rock † debuted in Memphis. Prison Rock† would come to be known as a definitive exemplary of all â€Å"rock opera† films. The â€Å"Jailhouse Rock † creation number in the film would be later be perceived as the granddad of popular and awesome music recordings, a music position that would turn into a broadly famous by the 1980's. Numerous ladies were insane over him, and were disheartened when he was drafted into the military in December of 1957. Walk 24, 1958 Elvis was enlisted into the United States Army at the Memphis Draft Board and was appointed the sequential number 53310761. In August of 1958, Gladys Presley passes on of intense hepatitis. She was let go at Forest Hill Cemetery, a couple of miles not far off from Graceland, yet later her body was moved back to Graceland after Elvis' passing. He was positioned in West Germany. That is the place he met Priscilla Ann Beaulieu. Walk 1960, he was released from the military. After he was released, he missed Priscilla. He asked Priscilla to move in with him at his incredible home, Graceland in the time of 1963. They wedded on May 1, 1967 in Las Vegas, Nevada. They spent their special night in Palm Springs, California. On their special first night Priscilla got pregnant with their lone youngster, Lisa Marie Presley. Lisa was conceived on Feb. 1, 1968. The bustling calendar of show visits left almost no time for his family. Priscilla sought legal separation and which went however on October 9, 1973. Elvis and Priscilla showed up. Priscilla was granted guardianship of Lisa Marie, there is no proper appearance, yet Elvis and his little girl would hobnob routinely. He cherished investing energy at Graceland with loved ones having lawn grills and riding ponies. He additionally delighted in the occasions with his little girl, Lisa Marie, at Graceland has well. He cherished driving his pink Cadillac†s and riding his Harley Davidson bikes. After years from the stage, he last shows up on TV singing on December 3, 1968 on NBC †TV. This exceptional would be known as the â€Å"Comeback Special†. It was the greatest TV hits of the year. Elvis took his crown back as â€Å"The King of Rock and Roll†. You need to recollect Elvis rebound during the hour of Vietnam War and radical development, and Elvis had everything that were not well known. Elvis was against the flower child development and the Vietnam War. He preferred President Richard M. Nixon. During July 31 †August 28, 1969, Elvis was reserved for a four-week commitment at the International Hotel in Las Vegas, which was simply fabricated, has the biggest showroom in the city. The commitment broke every current La Vegas participation records and gets rave survey from people in general. Elvis opens up what is called his â€Å"Vegas† period. January 1973, Elvis makes TV and media outlet history with his † Elvis: Aloha from Hawaii †Via Satellite Special â€Å". It was the show by an entertainer to be communicated far and wide by satellite. Elvis performed for nothing to help advantage for the Kui Lee Cancer Fund. Elvis was not know for his altruistic occasions, yet Elvis helped neighborhood associations and cover off individuals' tab quietly. The show was seen by 1/4 of the total populace. It was saw by more American families has than man's first stroll on the moon. Never has one entertainer held the world's consideration in such amazement. It was certainly perhaps the best second in his vocation. He featured in 33 fruitful movies, impacted the world forever with his TV appearances and specials, and knew incredible recognition however his many, frequently breaking, live show exhibitions on visit and in Las Vegas. All around, he has sold more than one billion records, platinum or multi-platinum grants for 111 unique collections and singles, unmistakably more than some other craftsman of gathering. Among his honors were the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, which he got at 36 years old, from the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences, and his being named One of the Ten Most Outstanding Young Men of the Nation for 1970 by the United States Jaycees. This honor is providing for individuals who are headed for the Presidency of the United States of America. With no extraordinary benefits, he respectably served his nation in the United States† Army. Millions adored his ability and great looks, arousing quality, charm, and pleasantness. Known the thoughout the world by his first name, he is viewed as one of the most significant social figures of the twentieth century. Elvis Aaron Presley (The King of Rock and Roll kicked the bucket in his unbelievable home, Graceland, in Memphis, Tennessee on August 16, 1977 of heart failure. Elvis Presley†s passing dishearten the world for quite a long time to come. Elvis likewise impacted numerous ages of performers and artists. † Elvis Aaron Presley is one the greatest social figures of the twentieth century. With energy and uprightness, he has arrived at the world like no else has. With ability and allure, his central core grasped everything. His music was assorted: nation, gospel, rock, pop, soul, beat and blues. He gets every one of these benefits. He was the genuine King of Rock and Roll. Elvis sang it all†, said by his previous spouse, Priscilla Presley on the Elvis: The Tribute (It†s now or never), an ABC unique.

New Student Photo Entry #16 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

New Student Photo Entry #16 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The first two photos come from incoming MIA student Kevin Hong. Location: Amhara region, Ethiopia Description: One morning, we were driving to a village for our research study and saw people lined up outside an old church with pieces of clothes on the ground. We got curious so we shouted out to the driver to stop, ran out of the car to take some pictures, and ran back in so there was no further delay in getting to the remote village we were heading for. Later I learned that it was for a religious holiday called Lideta (Saint Marys birthday). It is celebrated once a year on the first day of the month Ginbot, which is May 9 in the European calendar (Ethiopia maintains its own calendar separate from the Julian calendar and, for that matter, its own way to keep times. Look it up, its quite fascinating). On this day, orthodox christian churches hold a special ceremony. The poor from the surrounding area come and spread their clothes on the ground outside the churches. People attending the ceremony would then bring grains from their homes and give a   handful or so to each person lined up outside the church before and after attending the ceremony. Furthermore, after the givers get back home, they prepare food and drinks and invite the poor and neighbors to feast together. People from this region is by no means very rich. I thought it was such a wonderful tradition to celebrate and share with people less fortunate than you are even though you may not have all you want. Location: Ramanathaswamy Temple, Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India Description: I personally love this photo not only because of the beautiful setting of the temple corridor lined with countless stone carved pillars and filled with afternoon sun streaming through but also because of the circumstance I managed to capture this shot. The temple was absolutely stunning and when I saw this man walking toward me, I saw a perfect shot. So I took out my camera out of a bag and aimed it at him. As I started to shoot a few frames, two temple guards starting to run towards me and shouting Do you have a permit ticket for the camera!?. So I had to stop myself and show them that I had paid to take pictures in the temple. By the time I was done with the guards, the composition wasnt quite what I wanted and I thought I missed a good shot. But when I developed the film, this shot emerged and I was quite taken with it. This is one of the reasons why I love still using films. To me, the serendipity and patience films require is almost   like an act of meditation and o ccasional pleasant surprises like this one is personally unmatched by the instant gratification offered by digital cameras. _________________________________ The next three photos come from incoming MIA student Regina Jun. Paraguay_Chacotaxi.jpg was taken in the Chaco region in Paraguay in 2005.   During my service as a rural economic development volunteer in the Peace Corps Paraguay, we took a trip to the Chaco, which is the arid and sparsely populated northwest region of the country.   When we stopped for lunch along the highway, we saw a local taxi service parked outside the restaurant. Brazil_streetfood.jpg was taken in Olinda, Brazil in 2007.   I enjoy trying local foods wherever I travel.   I loved the creativity of the ladies who made a portable stove with earthen pots for insulated and safe charcoal burning and small pans to cook stuffed tapioca dumplings at the square as the group of young adults practiced their drums at a nearby square for the upcoming carnaval. Turkey_camelwrestling.jpg was taken in Selcuk, Turkey in 2008.   While I lived in Istanbul, I had the opportunity to visit Selcuk for annual camel wrestling championship staged next to the ancient ruins of Ephesus.   The event was very festive, graceful and intricate despite the gigantic sizes of the bull camels.   The winner camel receives only a carpet as material prize, but much respect and bragging rights for its owners and handlers.

Research Papers on Resource Allocation In Business

The key to success of any project or rather business venture is efficient resource management. Efficient resource management involves many aspects but the major one is resource allocation. It is important to note that economic resources are always limited and for this reason, it is very crucial to design mechanisms on how best to use of these limited resources. Resource allocation refers to the way resources are to be utilized in any given organization to obtain maximum or rather optimum output. Baumol Blinder, (2008) asserts that, according to the classical economists, scarce resources can be efficiently allocated to alternative users through a competitive mechanism. Depending on how resource allocation is done, it can have either a positive or negative impact on the outcome any business activities. If resources are well allocated in any business venture there are high chances that positive results are to be realized. For example, there will be no wastage of resources due to the fact that the right amount of resources will be dedicated to the right people or department within the organization, (Daft Marcic, 2008). In this particular case for instance, employing a good number of personnel in the restraint will help save costs on employees and at the same time ensuring that there is smooth running of events within the restraint. Additionally, efficient allocation of resources will help save time, reduces chances of incurring losses, increased output, and lastly chances of attaining optimum profits are increased. On the hand, inefficient allocation of resources will lead to resource wastage and failure to meet the objectives of the business. In conclusion, there are a number of ways in which resource allocation can be carried. The major and most efficient way is through a competitive mechanism. In this case, resources are allocated to departments within the organization according to their importance in the business. As Baumol Blinde (2008) argue, the most important departments are given priority first before any other department. In this way, resources will be well managed to achieve optimum output. References Baumol, W. J Blinder, A. S. (2008). Microeconomics: Principles and Policy. New Jersey: Cengage Learning. Daft, L. R Marcic, D. (2008). Understanding Management. New Jersey: Cengage Learning.

Perception And Perception Of The Cognitive Development Of...

Both attention and perception are concepts that relate to the cognitive development of human beings. Both concepts contribute to our ability to control and direct the processing of stimuli, whether it is physical, visual, auditory or retrieved from stored memory. Perception is the ability to make sense of our surroundings, whereas attention is the ability to concentrate on any perceived stimuli. A link between perception and attention comes from an individual’s ability to choose which stimuli to allocate their attention towards. This ability is important due to the vast amount of information in which humans are presented with on a daily basis. By using selective attention, individuals are able to focus their attention on a specific†¦show more content†¦This is a lack of attention which is not caused by any visual or auditory deficits. It is when an individual fails to recognise an unexpected yet obvious stimulus. When there is too much stimuli for one to attend to, a ‘temporary blindness’ effect can occur and as a result individuals may fail to see unanticipated, yet obvious stimuli. There is a vast amount of research which suggests that no conscious perception can occur without attention. In Mack and Rock s (1998) study, subjects performed several trials of a length judgment task consisting of 2 lines in the form of a cross, presented on a computer screen. On one of the trials, an additional image was presented as well as the cross and participants were asked of their awareness of this. Results showed that a large percentage of participants failed to even notice the added figure, which suggests the existence of inattentional blindness. Mack and Rock (1998) therefore concluded that attention is needed for conscious perception. A similar conclusion was drawn by Rock and Gutman (1981) when they conducted a study where subjects were presented with a series of images of two overlapping lines. These were novel or familiar items and the lines were presented in different colours. The participants were instructed to only pay attention to one of the two lines, which caused inattention for the unattended figure. The results of Rock and Gutman’s (1981) study showed that participants

The Characteristics Of Adult Learners Education Essay Free Essays

string(65) " three general larning manners: ocular, audile, and kinesthetic\." Adult pupils in the procedure of ELT construct the particular group of people socially accepted as mature and who are in a learning procedure. Education of grownups has long been perceived as different from instruction of kids in both theory and pattern. The field of big instruction was pioneered by Malcom Knowles who claimed that andragogy should be distinguished from teaching method. We will write a custom essay sample on The Characteristics Of Adult Learners Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Andragogy consists of larning schemes focused on grownups while teaching method is concerned on kids. Knowles ‘ theory of andragogy is an effort to develop a theory specifically for grownup acquisition. Adults bring life experience and a degree of adulthood into the schoolroom that kids and striplings do non. Probably the individual most of import concern for the instructor of grownups is a thorough apprehension of the scholar. Through such an apprehension it is possible to direct your learning to the specific demands and involvements of the grownup. Adults are autonomous and expect to take duty for determinations. Adult larning plans must suit this cardinal facet. In practical footings, it means that direction for grownups demands to concentrate more on the procedure and less on the content being taught. It is of import to utilize schemes such as function playing, simulations, undertaking work and treatments rather frequently because they are most utile for big pupils who are job -centred, goal- oriented and practical. Teacher adopts a function of facilitator or resource instead than lector or grader. Furthermore, another facet of grownup instruction is motive because merely when pupils are motivated they can larn. The best manner is to heighten studentsA? ground for larning. Teachers must be after their motivation scheme which is considered to be successful if it includes demoing grownup pupils the relationship between developing an expected publicity. Finally, we do non hold to bury another built-in portion of grownups larning which proper feedback is. We should cognize when and have to give feedback because good feedback is one of the basic wagess of acquisition. Teaching English to grownups is different from learning kids and teens and involves a considerable sum of planning and accomplishment to do it apprehensible and adaptable to all scholars. 1. Features of Adult Learners Compared to kids and teens, grownups have particular demands and demands as scholars. Adults are people who have the position of adulthood in their ain and other peopleA?s eyes, but in the instruction procedure they come in the low-level place of the scholars. It could be really hard at the beginning and it depends on persons how to cover with this state of affairs. A batch of grownups can go dying because they are so disquieted about traveling back to school and are afraid of their failure and may believe that they are unable to larn. â€Å" The struggle is that as grownups we already have certain well-developed thoughts about life along with our ain system of thoughts and beliefs. To acknowledge that we need to larn something new is to acknowledge that there is something incorrect with our present system. â€Å"[ 1 ] On the other manus, they have outlook about the acquisition procedure and they are able to accept duty for their ain acquisition. They are independent and self – directed, they are non dependent on other people for way. Adults as scholars are goal-oriented and results-oriented. They normally know what end they want to accomplish and they besides have specific consequences in head for instruction. They must see a ground why to larn something. Learning has to be valuable for them ; it should be related to their demands and eventually suit to their work. In other words, grownups seek instruction which is appropriate for their current lives. They are practical and are focused on the facets of the lessons ; it means they want to cognize how the lessons will be utile to them on the occupation. We must non bury that grownups have a batch of experience and a wealth of cognition and they expect to be treated consequently. They require larning that makes sense and is connected to their cognition and experience. They can be critical of learning methods ; they will non execute a learning activity merely because the instructor said to make it. Furthermore, we can anticipate that grownups are more disciplined that some kids and adolescents and are able to prolong a degree of motive. Compared to kids, grownups have more developed abstract idea ; it means we have to take appropriate activities adapted to utilize their minds to larn consciously. To sum it up, there are a batch of specific characteristics of grownup scholars which we have to bear in head in the procedure of learning. Compared to kids and adolescents, grownups have particular demands and demands as scholars. Of class, these are generalisations and there can look some exclusions in each group of scholars. 2. Learner Differences All pupils have different rational abilities. They think and learn otherwise. Learner differences are related to different thought manners and larning manners of pupils. Some of them use more than one manner, but by and large each individual has a preferable manner. We can separate brooding minds, originative minds, practical minds and conceptual minds. Brooding minds perceive new information subjectively, associate it to past experience and analyze their feelings about larning. On the contrary, originative minds like to play with new information, really frequently ask â€Å" why? † and make their ain solutions. Practical minds need factual information and attempt to happen the simplest and besides efficient manner to make something. In other words, they want to use their new accomplishments to their occupation. The last group consists of conceptual minds who are interested in how things work, non merely in the concluding result. They like seeing images and want to cognize the related constructs.[ 2 ] Equally of import are larning manners. Students normally tend to one acquisition manner because they associate it with larning success. There are three general larning manners: ocular, audile, and kinesthetic. You read "The Characteristics Of Adult Learners Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" Ocular scholars process new information when they can see it. They like artworks, illustrations, diagrams, images and presentations. Their slogan is â€Å" Show me. â€Å" Auditory scholars rely on sounds and voices ; they remember new information when it is spoken. They love talks and treatments. Their slogan is â€Å" Tell me. † Kinesthetic scholars need to make something to understand it. They want to touch the new information or manipulate it. They prefer written assignments, taking notes and scrutiny of objects. Their slogan is â€Å" Let me make it. † 3. Motivation for Adult Learning Motivation is some sort of internal thrust which pushes person to make things in order to accomplish something. A cognitive position of motive includes factors such as the demand for geographic expedition, activity, stimulation, new cognition and self-importance sweetening. Students come to education for many grounds. All grounds are acceptable because any motive is better than none. Unless you are motivated, you will non and can non larn. Most big pupils are at the schoolroom because they want to be. There are called â€Å" want to † scholars. Some of them are at that place because they need it for their occupation. They are â€Å" have to † scholars. There are a batch of motive factors. Some of the most common are: Promotion- depends on go throughing an test or making a class. Personal promotion – people want to acquire higher position at work. Social relationships – people want to do new friends. Escape/Stimulation – people want to avoid ennui, larning can disrupt the day-to-day modus operandi at place or at work. External outlooks – people try to carry through the outlooks of person with formal authorization. More money – after go throughing a class or successful graduation you can anticipate to gain more money. Social public assistance – attempt to better ability to be good to mankind and take part in community work Cognitive involvement – people who are interested in larning, they want to have new information and seek cognition for its ain interest There are Four Foundational Principles that motivate grownups to larn ( Wlodkowski, 2009 ) : Inclusion is the consciousness of scholars that they are a portion of an environment, they respect each other, and they have no fright of menace or humiliation. It is related to positive societal clime. Inclusion Fosters engagement. Attitude is a combination of constructs, information, and emotions. Attitude consequences in a sensitivity that can take to favorable or unfavorable response. Attitude causes a powerful consequence on human behavior and acquisition because they help people make sense of their universe. ( E.g. Negative larning experience can impact our attitude, engagement and outlooks. ) Meaning – devising, apprehension, and altering significance is a cardinal facet of grownup instruction. Deep significance causes that the experience or thought is connected to an of import end. Meaning comes from disputing larning experience in an piquant format about a relevant subject. Meaning sustains engagement. Competence is an attempt to effectual interaction with the universe. Adults have a strong innate temperament to be competent. They need to use what they have learned to the existent universe. Competence allows a pupil to experience confident when they know that they are expert at what they are larning. Assurance once more supports and motivates more extended acquisition. This can ensue in a spiralling moral force of competency and assurance. Increasing and directing pupil motive is one of a teacherA?s undertakings. We should form the indispensable motivational conditions. If we want to set up inclusion, we need to make a acquisition ambiance in which scholars and instructors feel respected and connected to one another. Following undertaking is to develop attitude, it means making a favorable temperament to larning through personal relevancy and pick. To heighten significance is of import to make ambitious and thoughtful acquisition experiences which include learnersA? positions and values. Furthermore we should breed competency by making an apprehension of scholar effectivity. And how do we cognize if scholars are motivated? There are some discernible indexs of intrinsic motive: Learners do activities without opposition. Learners spontaneously relate acquisition. Learners ask inquiries. Learners go beyond required work. Learners are proud of their acquisition and its effects. Unlike kids and adolescents, grownups have many duties that they must equilibrate. These duties can take to the barriers against take parting in larning. The most common jobs are deficiency of clip, money, assurance, involvement, deficiency of information, programming job and jobs with kid attention and transit. The best manner how to actuate grownup scholars is to heighten their ground for acquisition and diminish the barriers. As instructors of grownups we have to be after actuating schemes which show learners the relationship between preparation and an expected publicity. 4. Giving Feedback â€Å" The old expression that pattern makes perfect is non true. But it is true to state that it is pattern the consequences of which are known which makes perfect. † ( F.C. Barlett ) Feedback, unfavorable judgment, praising and noticing are really of import in the instruction procedure. Teaching grownups is complicated because of the trouble of knocking. There are two unsafe: giving feedback in the incorrect manner and non giving plenty. Without proper feedback the learner public presentation can non better. If public presentation can non better, all scholars rapidly loose their involvement. Good feedback is one of the basic wagess of acquisition and critical portion of the learning rhythm goes like this: In comparing with kids and teens, grownups find it harder to acknowledge that they have made a error, and it is harder for them to unlearn it. The same error can be repeated once more hence is of import to give feedback instantly or every bit shortly as possible. The job is non merely to rectify mistakes made on the topographic point, but to happen out some basic misinterpretations from the yesteryear, e.g. when we teach grammar, pupils sometimes have no thought what parts of address are. Until all the misinterpretation from the yesteryear are identified, no advancement can be made. A batch of pupils seem it hard to larn the regulations of English spelling decently. It can be a combination of mechanical and psychological grounds. It is peculiarly difficult to rectify once more perennial errors. The solution how to avoid it is bar ; it means make certain that on first juncture of a new piece of larning the grownup gets the right reply – â€Å" right first clip † .[ 3 ] It is frequently said that people learn by doing errors. It is true but we should recognize when measuring that prise make us experience confident, whereas negative unfavorable judgment makes us self-doubting. Good feedback is given quickly, contains encouraging words, gives elaborate remark on each public presentation, praises the good points before knocking the bed, is focused on knocking the public presentation, non the individual, is concentrated on merely a few errors at a clip and is clear. Giving feedback demands accomplishments every bit good as tact. We should make a friendly ambiance for constructive feedback. After giving feedback, we should look into that the scholar has understood the message by inquiring open-ended inquiries. Avoid closed ( yes, no ) inquiries, e.g. Have you understood? It is better to get down inquiries with â€Å" State me † , â€Å" How † , or â€Å" Why † . Finally, a batch of instructors overestimate the measure of feedback they give. To avoid it, seek to happen ways to offer every scholar some feedback in every lesson. As instructors of grownups we should understate the bed consequence of unfavorable judgment although there are a batch of possibilities for misinterpretation because without feedback pupils can non larn and instructors do non learn. 5. Function of the Teacher â€Å" When the pupil is ready, the instructor appears † ( a Buddhist adage ) As we said in one of old chapter, a batch of big pupils can experience dying when they go back to school after a few old ages being out of the schoolroom. Our occupation as a instructor of grownup pupils is to be positive, friendly and encouraging. Patients help excessively. It is sometimes of import to cognize that older pupils need more clip to react if we ask a inquiry. Promote your pupils to utilize their ain life experience in the acquisition procedure excessively. As instructor we should understate the carnival of failure and the bad consequence of past acquisition experiences by offering activities which are accomplishable for our pupils and correspond to their degree. Not merely pupils can hold some concerns. There can be a job for some instructors and it is age. School instructors are ever older than their students and have the advantages of longer instruction. Not so instructors of grownups. They can be younger than their pupils and may even be less intelligent. It is right to hold some concerns about a new group of pupils, but both the job and the solution are in our ain custodies. What makes a good instructor? Effective instructor have these features ( Rogers, 1989 ) : A warm personality – accept all pupils and understand them, be helpful Social skill – ability to link the group together without being dominate Forming ability – disposal is swimmingly handled Skill in descrying and deciding scholar jobs Enthusiasm – a batch of oculus contact, varied voice inflection. Not merely can the personality of a instructor but the leading manner lead to the success or failure of larning. We can separate three different types of leading: dictator, where the leader is rigorous, autocratic, encourages fight and makes all of import determinations himself ; laissez-faire, where the instructor does virtually nil unless he is straight asked a inquiry ; and democratic, where the scholars decide what they will make and the instructor is person who can impact single solutions of jobs. In the group where the instructor behaves magisterially the scholars are submissive and good behaved, but frequently mishear instructions, are competitory, reciprocally belittling and demo marks of aggression and tend to abandon work when the instructor leaves the room. On the contrary, the individualistic group does about nil whether or non the instructor is present. Under democratic leading the scholars work good together without carnival of one surpassing the other. There occur smal l tenseness or aggression and the impermanent absence of the instructor make no alterations in the sum of work the scholars do.[ 4 ] It is clear that creativeness is more bucked up in groups where the instructor does non rule. There can develop pleasant societal relationships, more pupils talk to one another and esteem each other. On the other manus, dominant, aloof, autocratic instructors tend to bring forth either really hostile or subdued group of scholars who are individualists and do non desire to co-operate. 6. Teaching Schemes Any activity that gets pupils involved is really utile and makes the learning experimental. This includes e.g. little group treatments, function drama, composing or pulling something specific, skits etc. Activities that involve acquiring up and traveling approximately can besides maintain pupils energized. Try to utilize a assortment of learning stuffs and methods and do non bury single differences of your pupils ( differences in manner, clip, types and gait of larning ) . It is known that single differences addition with age. Take into history that your pupils have a batch of life experience which they can convey to the schoolroom, supply them every bit much chances for duologue as possible and ask open-ended inquiries so that they can utilize their cognition and experience. Treat all inquiries and remarks with regard. State your pupils the outlooks of the instruction procedure and familiarise them with the course of study, but do non be disappointed when they do non wholly agree wi th your program. You can discourse it together and do some alterations in conformity with the demands of your pupils. They can assist you to plan the acquisition procedure. Because grownup pupils are jobs centred, allow them cognize how the freshly acquired cognition can be applied to current jobs or state of affairss. As a instructor you should equilibrate between presentation of new stuff, treatment and engagement among pupils and your class program. Teaching schemes for grownups are more effectual if it is learner-centred than instructor-centred.[ 5 ] By utilizing combinations of grownup scholar techniques and schemes, Extension pedagogues can make preparation experiences that will heighten the acquisition of participants. When grownups participate in a positive acquisition experience, they are more likely to retain what they have learned and use it in their work environment. 6.1. Lectures and Presentations Lectures and presentations are the most common instruction methods in big instruction. They are sometimes referred to as an economic manner of learning because they do non necessitate about any technician or administrative support. As a instructor usage these methods exhaustively. First, maintain them short. Lectures should take 15 or 20 proceedingss and bound for presentation is even shorter, five proceedingss. Second, your talk should hold a clear beginning, center and terminal ; it means that it is clear to your pupils and if it is clear defined, it can assist pupils to cognize what the aims are before get downing. This techniques has o batch of possibilities how to be used. You can present short intensive presentation which is followed by practising. You can instantly see if your pupils understood your talk. Adults learn best through engagement and activity, so your talk or presentation can be interspersed with group treatment, single undertakings, and audio-visual stuff. In the talks or presentations try to maintain to simple chief points. A batch of grownup pupils need to hold a written support of a new piece of larning but it is known that grownups do non take notes really frequently. Making notes during presentation can be a recreation from understanding therefore it is better to teach your pupils non to compose merely listen to you. Fix well-designed printed press releases for them, non really long because it could deter your pupils from reading it. It is better to administer press releases after a talk than earlier ; it is less deflecting. If you are showing, be certain that all scholars are able to see from your point of position. If the presentations are seen from the forepart, the pupil must mentally change by reversal all the procedures. In general, talks and presentations are likely best used in short subdivisions, with frequent resort to treatment, single pattern, undertaking work etc. 6.2. Role – drama, Simulation and Games Simulation, role- drama and games play similar functions in linguistic communication instruction. They are seen as ways of bridging the spread between the schoolroom and the existent word. These activities offer a assortment of ways how to do the acquisition procedure more interesting, disputing and lively. As we said in earlier chapters, grownups need to avoid being told how to make something, they need to seek it out for themselves. Role-playing refers to the changing of one ‘s behavior to presume a function. It is any speech production activity when you either set yourself into person else ‘s places ( The President, a millionaire, a dad star etc. ) , or when you stay in your ain places but set yourself into an fanciful state of affairs ( ‘At the eating house ‘ , ‘Checking in at the airdrome ‘ etc. ) Role-playing is proposed as an ideal technique to learn linguistic communication because it prepares scholars for the unpredictable nature of real-life communicating, Teachs appropriate linguistic communication usage, and boosts assurance. Learning takes topographic point when activities are prosecuting and memorable. It is ever better to convey state of affairss to life and maintain them existent and relevant. We should utilize the role-play for the undermentioned grounds ( Harmer, 1989 ) : It ‘s merriment and motivation. Quieter pupils get the opportunity to show themselves in a more blunt manner. The universe of the schoolroom is broadened to include the outside universe – therefore offering a much wider scope of linguistic communication chances. Some function playing is simple and does non necessitate any particular readying. It is a normal extension of work done rehearsing duologues and drills ; on the other manus, function drama can be prepared in advanced when the instructor sets up the scene. The stuff must be relevant, brief and believable. Once you have selected a suited function drama, predict the linguistic communication needed for it. It is recommended to present any new vocabulary before the function drama. After the function drama is finished, pass some clip on debriefing. This does non intend indicating out and rectifying errors. It is the procedure of debriefing which helps do the acquisition points. After the function drama, the pupils are satisfied with themselves ; they feel that they have used their cognition of the linguistic communication for something utile. This feeling of satisfaction will vanish if every error is analyzed. It might besides do the pupils less confident and less willing to make the other function dramas. Ask your pupils sentiment about the role-play, e.g. : What did you believe of the manner you handled X? How did it compare with the manner you deal with this in existent life? The purpose is to discourse what has happened in the function and what they have learned. Finally, do non bury to thank and praise the participants for their attempts. Example of function drama: We can play the picture where the characters are making something. The pupils watch it and so can reiterate some duologues. Then the instructor divides pupils into groups and they play the characters from the film dawdler, but extend the duologues harmonizing to their ain phantasy. After rectification and treatment they play the same scene once more. Simulation is defined as a world of map in a fake and structured environment. A simulation has three features: A world of map which means the participants in a simulation must step inside the function they have accepted and act consequently. A fake environment where there is no contact with the existent universe. A structured environment where the participants have all the facts and information provided for them.[ 6 ] Simulations have been used in many countries of preparation and instruction, such as the ground forces or in concern surveies. But in whatever country, linguistic communication is the tool used for communicating and Jones claim that simulation and linguistic communication are â€Å" virtually inseparable † . Simulation in ELT motivates scholars because simulation activities give them a opportunity to be involved in linguistic communication usage. It allows everyone to take part and even when errors are made, the instructor does non interfere. It gives chance for meaningful pattern of linguistic communication because most simulations involve interaction, either verbal or non-verbal, in spoken or written signifier. Well – planned simulations that are relevant to the scholars will surely promote earners to desire to finish the undertakings. The realistic ambiance in simulation is achieved through the careful readying of the stimulus stuff. Students take functions where the y behave as people in a wider assortment state of affairss which are close to existent life. Simulation encourages creativeness although it begins with information given to scholars. They need to be clever to bring forth the thought and to finish the simulation. Example of simulation: Title: To do a command 5 participants ( each pupil is given a function card with some information about a function and with counsel what to make: Finance Manager, Factory Manager, Gross saless Manager, Office Manager, and Director ) Situation: The company is doing available RM 10A 000 for upgrading merely one of the four sections. Each section is under the leading of a director ( as in the above ) . Each section is allowed to do a command for the amount of money saying the ground the money is needed. The Director will so make up one’s mind the successful bidder. Language maps: Explaining, justifying, supporting, opposing. Time: 1 hr lesson Students are divided in groups of 5. At the terminal of the lesson, the Director studies on the determination for each group. Games Not merely do many grownups enjoy games, but linguistic communication games really accelerate larning in a figure of ways. It is perfectly critical that big pupils know why they are utilizing a peculiar game, what specific mark grammar or vocabulary are they rehearsing, or what accomplishment are they reenforcing by utilizing the game. If pupils know and understand why they are making a peculiar activity they will be much more inclined to collaborate and bask the acquisition. Learning through merriment activities relaxes pupils and makes the schoolroom atmosphere much more supportive for scholars. Using adequate assortment in the type of activity or game will convey all four acquisition manners into drama: auditory, ocular and kinesthetic. Using games allows your pupils to acquire the most out of lesson clip, by passing it talking English. There are some links where you can happen a batch of games for grownup English scholars: www.teachingenglishgames.com www.ELTgames.com The of import advantage of all above mentioned activities is that they are wholly active methods of larning. Another benefit is that their existent value is frequently in the societal accomplishments they teach. 6.3. Undertaking Work â€Å" State me and I forget. Show me and I remember. Involve me and I understand † ( Chinese adage ) Undertaking work is a agency of communicating and enjoyment based on the combination of theory and pattern. A undertaking is an drawn-out piece of work on a peculiar subject where the content and the presentation are determined chiefly by the scholars. Students work in groups to work out disputing jobs that are reliable and frequently interdisciplinary. Learners decide how to near a job and what activities to prosecute. It can be used at every degree from absolute novice to progress. There can be involved all scholars mixed in ability, assurance and experience. The undertakings are really originative. The writers of the undertakings gather information from a assortment of beginnings and synthesise, analyze, and derive cognition from it and so set all the parts together to organize a consistent presentation. It is based on studentsA? demands and involvements. The instructor ‘s function is to steer and rede, instead than to direct and pull off pupil work. How to get down? Teach your pupils how to make undertaking work. Get down with concrete, small-scale activities. Decide the presentation signifier and the standards for its rating. Undertakings need to be seen or read so be after the last undertaking session as a presentation. Types of undertakings: Production undertaking Performance undertaking Collection undertakings Informational undertakings Orientation undertakings Social public assistance undertakings. Each undertaking needs to be evaluated. You can utilize a simple undertaking rating study, which remarks on facets of the undertaking such as content, design, linguistic communication work and besides evaluates the unwritten presentation phase of the undertaking. It can be discussed with all pupils from the category or group. Advantages of undertaking work are: It increases motive because all scholars are personally involved All four accomplishments – reading, composing, listening and talking are integrated Learning outcome – pupils have an concluding merchandise Undertaking is an reliable undertaking and therefore the linguistic communication input is more reliable There are developed interpersonal dealingss through working in a group It is learner centred – contend and methodological analysis can be decided between the scholars and the instructor A interruption from everyday.[ 7 ] 6.4. Discussion Discussion is the prototypic learning method for active acquisition because it encourages pupils to detect solutions and develop critical thought abilities. . Discussion allows scholars to be active and experience personal contact. During treatment all participants speak to each other, explore, exchange positions, and larn from each other, pupils from instructor, instructor from pupils. Discussion is a state of affairs where pupils and instructor can and make do an unfastened, equal and personal response to a book, current societal job, manner, movies, political relations etc. which needs reading to take it beyond a factual statement. In a good treatment most members of the group experience willing able to talk when appropriate. Even in group where everybody contributes, there will be people who talk more than others. Dominant members of groups are frequently able and energetic people, whose enterprise can be used for other group members, either in the thoughts they contribute to gen eral treatment, or in some particular assignments, excess research or short talks they can set about. Silent member or people who speak seldom in a treatment can be soundless as a manner of demoing disapproval of what the remainder of group are stating or they can be diffident, diffident or lazy or because they prefer to listen to other people instead than to speak themselves. Problems of over-dominant and excessively soundless pupils can be solved by dividing the group into smaller groups for some portion of the category clip. Peoples who ne’er speak in the big group can state a batch in the smaller 1. Before treatment you can promote your pupil to fix for it. They can believe about a subject, read some stuffs and write notes and remarks. It is normal that for the first twosome of proceedingss the treatment is slow and hard to pull off, but if your pupils are prepared for it and you create a friendly atmosphere it can shortly warm up. If your purpose is a treatment which involves everyone, it is of import to run chairs in a circle, as that is the lone manner people can see or turn to each other easy than in sitting lecture- manner in consecutive lines.[ 8 ] Decision In decision, learning grownups should be different from learning kids and striplings. As we said, instructors of grownups should utilize a different manner of learning which is based on the theory of andragogy which suggest that grownups expect learner – centred scenes where they can find their ain ends and form their acquisition harmonizing to their present life demands. The learning techniques should be chosen with respect to demands of all scholars. We should see what attack and methods seem to be appropriate for our pupils. We have to esteem our pupils different larning manners, we should promote them, actuate them and give them a proper feedback. When our pupils know that the instruction procedure benefits them pragmatically, they will execute better, and the benefits will be longer enduring. Good instructors of grownups take all of these factors into history. Beyond learning your topic, you have the chance to animate assurance and passion in another human being. This is your challenge as a instructor of grownups. How to cite The Characteristics Of Adult Learners Education Essay, Essay examples

Archetypal Quest free essay sample

The Archetypal Quest Essay The archetypal quest, also known as the hero’s journey is effective in revealing which ways a person’s values, ideas and ambitions can be explored and changed throughout society. The hero’s journey is a genre that is prominently seen through nearly every sort of text, written or visual, usually representing an internal or physical struggle to gain a sense of personal character, personal identity or achieving a goal that one has claimed to be unachievable. On occasions the composer of a narrative, film or story will alter the hero’s journey to challenge or perceive a variation to ones society.Mathew Vaughn’s film ‘Stardust’ and Homers epic ‘The Odyssey’ represent all aspects of the hero’s journey, including the original quest narrative of facing and overcoming multiple obstacles to obtain the reward in the end, whether the reward reflects a growth in self, realisation or a rare possession. In both texts, the characters Tristan from ‘Stardust’ and Telemachus from ‘The Odyssey’ undertake a hero’s journey which sees their transitioning from being a boy to becoming a man, and it is proven that the society which the hero lives, dictates the representation of the hero.The cultural context of ‘The Odyssey’ is set in Ancient Greece, which differs from the film ‘Stardust’ which obtains a fantasy genre, but mirrors the 18th Century realm in England. The values of society in these two different time eras are somewhat similar, some of which being the value for family, justice (both of which proving to be more prominent in ‘The Odyssey’) and the value for status within the community. Athene, the Greek goddess or war and wisdom, advises Telemachus to rid his house of the suitors, acting as his call to adventure.Typically, being a child, Telemachus refuses the call as he has insecurities about himself and believes that ‘no one will listen’ to him. Athene is a character that wants Telemachus to grow up; ‘You are no longer a child, you must put your childish thoughts away’ and it is this encouragement that helps Telemachus maintain strength and persistence throughout his journey. The values of family, justice and hospitality play a big role in the Greek culture and are represented throughout Telemachus’ character.The search for his father that he has no memory of reflects the ancient Greek values of family; the loyalty in the father and son relationship. Accordingly, some amount of Telemachus’ drive to find his father is associated with the thought that justice will finally be put in place for his home in Ithaca and for the suitors, strongly representing the ancient Greek value of Justice. Lastly hospitality is greatly represented throughout the novel. When disguised Athene enters his home in the first book of the epic, Telemachus displays this value and embraces the hidden goddess into his home; ‘Welcome friend!You can tell us what has brought you here when you have had some food†. This value is represented in the same fashion towards Telemachus when he sets out in search of his father and visits Nestor and Menelaus. In ‘Stardust’ the value of family and justice are shown throughout Tristan’s journey, but also the value for status among the community plays a bigger part in his journey in his time and era. Tristan represents the value for family, similarly to Telemachus, as after failing to cross the wall he lights a Babylon candle, to travel by candlelight, to reach his mother that he has no memory of.Although in this attempt to find her, he thinks about Victoria and the shooting star which sets him on his path for his original journey . Victoria assists Tristan in his call to adventure, agreeing that if he can return with the fallen star on the day of her birthday then she will accept his proposal of marriage. To prove himself worthy, Tristan claims that ‘for her hand in marriage he would cross the wall and bring back the star. ’ Victoria triggers his insecurities as ‘nobody crosses the wall’ and when he tries but fails, his insecurities grow stronger.Tristan fights for his status within the community, as trying to win the heart of an upper classed lady, when he is ‘just a shop boy’. The value of justice is shown towards the end in the fight scene between the witches, Septimus and Tristan, where Tristan gains his elixir and justice is restored. Telemachus’ journey follows the typical principle of the quest narrative, including all the twelve stages. His quest is provoked by the suitors, who are ‘eating him out of house and home’ and the drive to find his father so justice can be restored.He encounters many tests, such as being able to maintain his mental strength throughout the inmost cave where he loses his childhood innocence an d travels to other islands and remain strong when he is faced with the ongoing struggle to find news of his dad. The suitors also test Telemachus’ hero character, as they regard him as the one thing that is standing in the way of the dominance of his household. They are the only ones to disrespect him and his authority, compared to everyone else who regards him as Odysseus’ son. The expectation to live up to his father’s standards is high but quotes such as â€Å"He at once gave orders o call the Achaeans to assembly† displays that he is a leader, taking after his father, and the impact of his speech and the way he used his words when addressing the assembly resembles his father’s talent. After overcoming the obstacles he hears that is father is alive and back at home which counts as the reward and the elixir being that Telemachus achieves the goal of his journey, with the suitors defeated and his family life restored. Similarly, Tristan starts of in his ordinary world, as an inferior character. This is shown in the beginning of the movie where he throws small stones at Victoria’s window to get her attention.The placing of character, with Victoria looking down on Tristan from her window emphasises his vulnerability to the ‘femme fatale. ’ Also the fencing fight between Tristan and Humphrey outside Victoria’s window emphasises how they think he is nothing out of the ordinary. Tristan’s drive to be accepted starts him on his journey thus succeeding in passing the first threshold; finding the star. The casting and costume design of Yvaine (the star) reflects a bright, shining atmosphere, which helps her act as a guiding light to Tristan on his journey.On his journey back to the Wall he faces many encounters, tests and obstacles such as the witch, an antagonist which wants to capture the star for an eternal life of beauty, and also Captain Shake Speare, who counts as an ally and helps transform him into a man. Like Telemachus, Tristan’s strength is also tested throughout his journey, as he starts to realise what he is capable of. When he reaches his ordeal, he puts his life in danger to save the life of the one he loves, Yvaine (the star) and defeats the witch, freeing his mother and reuniting his family, a value just like the Odyssey.Telemachus reflects the Ancient Greek society, representing the typical quality traits of a Greek hero. He stays loyal to his family and sets out on a conquest to prove himself worthy and help those around him; he is your typical willing hero, committed to the adventure. On the other hand, Tristan challenged his society by going beyond what everyone thought he was capable of and proving himself worthy. Tristan represents some characteristics of the loner hero, starting off separated from society, but ends being indulged and included into ones group, except he doesn’t return to isolation.They are similar in the fact that they both are dedicated to the journey and they both finishing gaining the elixir, but the difference in the motives behind the journey is that, although they both journey to reunite their family, the main purpose behind Telemachus’ journey is to regain order in the kingdom whereas Tristan’s main motive is to find his true love. Similarly they both transition from boys into men by the end of the journey and find an inner strength and intelligence about themselves. This is shown through Telemachus’ dialogue of when he states ‘I have learnt to use my brains by now and to know right from wrong and his strength is shown in the end of the journey when he helps his father defeat the suitors. Tristan’s transition from being a boy into a man is shown when Vaughn contrasts the fencing scene in the beginning of the movie to the end of the movie. In the beginning Humphrey triumphs over Tristan, gaining a sense of hierarchy over him, but in the end of the movie the same scene happens again, but instead of Humphrey beating Tristan, Tristan draws a sword which dominates over Humphreys fencing stick. Also the dialogue of ‘Look Humphrey, I dont want to fight you’ shows the growth in character and how he has matured into a man.These archetypal quests are constantly being revised as they provide hope and inspiration for the audiences. It allows one to go on a journey of their own or imagine what one would be like. The hero’s journey in both texts remain similar, despite the difference in cultural context. Taking into account that in ‘stardust’ some aspects such as moral values have been appropriated into the film to adjust to a modern audience, both texts reflect a strong sense of value in their character’s journey. This is proven that the hero’s journey depends on the society in which they live, and alternatively changing the way in which their society lives.